Plagiarism/Ethics Statement

Longman Publishers is committed to upholding the highest standards of research and publication ethics across all journals published on this platform. We follow the principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and expect all authors, editors, and reviewers associated with our journals to adhere to internationally recognized standards of ethical scholarly publishing.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism — including verbatim copying, close paraphrasing without attribution, self-plagiarism, and unauthorized reuse of previously published text, data, or figures — is strictly prohibited across all Longman Publishers journals. Manuscripts submitted to our journals are screened for originality prior to peer review using recognized plagiarism detection tools. The specific screening tool used may vary by journal; details are available on each journal's individual Plagiarism Policy page.

Manuscripts found to contain substantial unoriginal or improperly attributed content are returned to the authors or rejected, depending on severity. Confirmed plagiarism in a published article is addressed through correction, retraction, or notification to the author's institution, in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Authorship and Contribution

Authorship on all Longman Publishers journals must reflect genuine, significant intellectual contribution, consistent with ICMJE authorship criteria. All listed authors must approve the final manuscript and take responsibility for its content.

Duplicate Submission and Publication

Authors must not submit substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously, and must disclose any prior publication of related material (e.g., conference proceedings, preprints).

Data Integrity

Authors are responsible for the accuracy and integrity of all data, results, and figures presented in their manuscripts. Data fabrication, falsification, or manipulation is treated as serious research misconduct.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could be perceived to influence a manuscript's evaluation or publication.

Handling of Misconduct

Allegations of publication misconduct — including plagiarism, data fabrication, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or authorship disputes — are investigated by the relevant journal's editorial team in accordance with COPE procedures. Outcomes may include correction, retraction, or notification of the author's institution.

Journal-Specific Policies

Each journal published by Longman Publishers maintains its own detailed Plagiarism Policy and Publication Ethics Statement, reflecting the specific practices (e.g., screening tools, peer review model) of that journal. This page provides the overarching ethical framework that applies across the platform; readers should consult individual journal pages for journal-specific detail.